MongoDB and MySQL are both the most popular databases in the market and are used by almost all companies. In this session, we will explore MongoDB vs MySQL.MongoDB and MySQL are both different databases, and both serve different purposes. We will explore all the possible scenarios to choose the best database per one’s use case. So let’s get started.
Introduction
In this session, I will briefly introduce MongoDB and MySQL.
What is mongodb
MongoDB is one of the most popular open-source No-SQL databases. It is a document-based database. No-SQL database is non-relational and can have a dynamic schema.
Dynamic schema means you don’t have to define the schema before inserting a document into mongoDB.MongoDB gives us the flexibility to change the data schema at any time.
What is MySQL
MySQL is one of the most popular relational database management system (RDBMS). It is an open-source database and has a robust open-source community.
In MYSQL, we have to define the table’s schema before inserting the data into the MySQL table.
Features of mongodb and MySQL
Features of MongoDB
The Important features of MongoDB are as follows:
- Follows Json format: In mongodb, data is saved as a document in key-value JSON format.
- Schemaless: MongoDB is a schemaless database that allows us to insert data that follows varying structures.
- Support Sharding: we can quickly scale the mongodb horizontally with the sharding facility’s help in mongodb.
- Indexing: In mongoDB, every field can be indexed as primary or secondary, enabling users to find the data effectively.
- Support replication: In MongoDB, data are highly available due to the features like replication which will replicate the data to multiple servers.
Features of MySQL
The Important features of MySQL are as follows:
- Open-source: Mysql is completely open-source which means we don’t have to pay anything to use it. The source code of MySQL can be easily edited and modified as per the need.
- Scalable: Mysql can be easily scaled as per the need. It can also handle a large volume of data as per the official document. It can handle up to 8TB of data.
- Data types: It supports multiple data types like integer, float, double, character, variable character, text, blob, DateTime, etc.
- Secure: MySQL is a highly secure database, and we can configure it to log in via username and password. Mysql encrypts the password while connecting to the server.
- TLS support: We can configure TLS in MySQL by adding certificate files.
- Replication: Mysql supports replication, enabling the user to replicate the data to multiple servers. So even if one node gets down, data will still be accessible via another node.
- Platform independent: Mysql can run on a mac, windows, Linux, Unix, and other types of OS.
Advantage and disadvantages of MYSQL and MongoDB
Advantage of MongoDB
The Advantage of MongoDB are as follows:
- MongoDB is a schema-less database which means you don’t have to define the schema before inserting the data into mongoDB.
- We have the flexibility to insert data into the mongo collection as per our needs.
- Users can insert heterogeneous data.
- It provides high scalability, availability, and performance.
- We the help of the sharding feature, we can save data to multiple servers without worrying about storage failure.
- Searching for a document in mongodb is pretty fast as the documents are indexed.
- Mongodb has many drivers, which help us interact with mongoDB using multiple languages.
Advantage of MySQL
The Advantage of MySQL are as follows:
- Highly secure: Mysql database is highly secure due to which it is used by most companies like IBM, Microsoft, apple, amazon, etc.
- Open-source support: Mysql is completely open-source and has a vibrant community. You can always reach out to the community for any help.
- Support for Kubernetes: Mysql can be deployed on top of Kubernetes and easily scaled as needed.
- Load balance: You can have multiple instances of MySQL running, and you can easily configure a load balance like Nginx to balance the load between MySQL instances.
- Cost-efficient: Using MySQL, companies can save costs as MySQL is completely open-source and free to download.
Disadvantage of MongoDB
Below are the disadvantages of MongoDB:
- Joins not supported: MongoDB does not support joins. There is some workaround, but new users find it challenging to use it.
- Transaction not supported: MongoDB does not support transaction
- Document limit: There is a limit on the document size we can insert into mongodb.currently, the limit is 16MB.
- High memory: MongoDB uses high memory for data storage.
Disadvantage ofMySQL
Below are the disadvantages of MYSQL:
- The issue with large data size: Mysql does not support massive datasets effectively, and you will face problems while running queries of a very large dataset.
- Transactions: There is an issue while handling transactions effectively in MySQL.
- Debugging: Debugging an issue in MySQL is a pain.
- SQL constraints: Mysql does not support checks for SQL constraints.
Difference between mongodb and MySQL
In this session, we are going to see the difference between mongodb and MySQL:
General differences between mongodb and MySQL
| MongoDB | MYSQL |
|---|---|
| Mongodb is a No-SQL database | Mysql is an SQL database |
| MongoDB is open source. It also has an enterprise edition that provides more features. | Mysql is an open-source |
| In MongoDB, data is saved in the form of JSON documents | In MySQL, data is saved in tables and rows. |
| There is a wide variety of drivers available for MongoDB using which we can interact with MongoDB.There is a driver forC, C++, python, java, etc. | Mysql supports languages like C, C++, and java. |
| In MongoDB, you don’t have to specify the schema before inserting the records. | In Mysql, you have to define the table schema before inserting the records. |
| In MongoDB, you can insert documents with varying schema. All documents should not have to adhere to a fixed schema. | In Mysql, you can not insert records that have a varying schema. |
| It supports sharding, replication, and auto-selection. | Mysql supports Master-master and master-slave replication |
| MongoDB supports javascript as a query language | Mysql supports SQL as a query language. |
| MongoDB does not support joins. | Mysql supports joining like any RDBMS. |
| MongoDB can easily handle a large amount of data. | Mysql is slow as compared to mongodb while handling large datasets. |
| It is the best-suited database for IoT and real-time analytics | It is generally used to save metadata information. |
MongoDB vs MySQL Scalability
MongoDB can be easily scaled with the help of a shared cluster which allows you to partition the databases(called shards). Data will be distributed across many servers in a shared cluster, leading to efficient read and write operations.
Whereas in MySQL, we can scale either vertically or by adding read replicas. Scaling vertically means adding more resources to the existing server, and by read-adding replicas, we can add read-only copies to another server.
MongoDB vs MySQL Performance
Since MongoDB and MySQL both serve different purposes, and in some scenarios, MySQL has the edge over MongoDB and vice versa.
In a nutshell, MySQL is faster when you have to select many records, while MongoDB is significantly faster when you have to insert or update a large number of documents.
MongoDB vs MySQL Security
MongoDB and MySQL both support role-based access and can be integrated with LDAP. Both databases support encryption and TLS, and we can limit access to one or multiple databases/tables in both databases.
MongoDB vs MySQL Popularity
Both MySQL and MongoDB are very popular databases that serve different purposes. If you are a newbie and want to get started with a database, I highly recommend you start with MySQL first, as it is easy to learn and implement compared to MongoDB.
MongoDB vs MySQL commands
This session will give you a brief idea about the MySQL and MongoDB command. If you want to learn more about MongoDB commands, you can check out this link.
| Command | Mysql | MongoDB |
|---|---|---|
| Create a database | create database<database_name> | use <database_name> |
| Create a table/collection | CREATE TABLE <table_name> ( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype, …. ) | db.createCollection(‘<collection_name>’) |
| Insert data | INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, …) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, …); | db.<collection_name>.insertMany({ “key1″:”value1”, “key2″:”value2”, ……… }) |
| Read data | Select * fromtable_name | db.<collection_name>..find() |
How to decide between mongodb and mysql
Now we have a pretty good idea about MongoDB and MySQL.The next question that comes to mind is when is going for MongoDB and when to go for MYSQL.In this session, I will be explaining that.
When to use mongodb
- As in MongoDB, we don’t need to specify the schema in advance and it can handle data with any structure. So if you have a use case where you need to save unstructured data then mongoDB is the best database to fulfill this need.
- If you are handling huge data and in the future, the data will keep on growing in such case always go for mongoDB.
- Go for mongoDB if most of your applications are cloud base.
When to use MySQL
- Mysql is an ideal choice if your data is structured and follows a specific pattern.
- Choose MySQL as a database if you need to perform joins frequently.
- Always go with Mysql if your data is not very huge.
- Mysql excels over mongoDB and is easy to use. As MySQL is an RDBMS so it supports standard SQL queries which are comparatively easy to learn and implement.
Conclusion
In this article, we have started with the introduction of MongoDB and MySQL.We have seen the features, advantages, and disadvantages of MongoDB and MySQL.Finally, we have seen the difference between MongoDB and MySQL and when to go for MongoDB and MYSQL.
I hope you like this tutorial on Mongodb vs MySQL. Please let me know if you face difficulty following this tutorial in the comment box.
